The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Essays

The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Essays The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Paper The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Paper hospitable , brightly and condoled. It shows that the house was at peace and nothing bad was happening. However when the sergeant-major does arrive the atmosphere is instantly changed as words such as hastily , hush , presumptuous and magic. These words tell the reader that what the guest is going to say is not good and that it fills the reader with suspense. The language is similar because they are both written in old language and powerful vocabulary has been used by each other writers. The characters in The Red Room are the three old people and the young man. The three old people cause the reader to be afraid of them because of their actions and their body features for example the man with the withered arm, the man with the shade and her pale eyes wide open. These show that they are disabled and have problems. They also speak in an unfriendly manner to the man and each other for example the man with the withered arm gave this newcomer a short glance of dislike and to the man he says Its your own choosing. They cause the reader to feel that they are terrifying and that they raise the suspense and the tension of the story by warning the man over and over and try to dissuade the man from going into the room e.g. this nights of all nights trying to make the man feel scared. Even though the reader does not find what is so bad about this night they know that it is a warning. The old people affect the reader by making the reader feel uncomfortable in why they are unfriendly to each other and the man and they are trying to dissuade the man from going to the red room. The atmosphere they make is frightening A monstrous shadow of him crouched upon the wall. This makes the reader feel that the old people are trying to make the man feel scared. The man also describes them as the three of them made me uncomfortable. This explains that they are frightening him. The man describes their way of speech and their clothes as they seem to belong to a different age and an age when things were spiritual were different from this of ours. He describes their clothes as the cut of their clothing, fashions born in dead brains. This explains that their clothing is of an old fashion and they behave like old people of olden times. The man in The Red Room who is going to stay the night is not afraid of anything. When the man says it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me the reader instantly finds out that this man is not afraid of anything and that he is proud and that he believes that he does not believe that ghosts exist. The way he speaks tells the reader that he is not scared and that he doesnt believe in ghosts as he says its my own choosing. The reader then knows that he is confident of going into the red room and also when he say you will show me this haunted room of yours, I will make myself comfortable there. The arrogance in this story suggests Hubris. Hubris is exaggerated pride or self-confidence. However that changes when he walks down the passageway to the red room as he says listening to a rustling. If he is so confident he shouldnt care about the rustling of whatever happening so this tells the reader he is afraid in his own way even though he doesnt show it. He also is afraid when he sees a shadow as it is crouching I stood rigid for half a minute. This tells the reader that he is afraid. This adds to the tension because the reader is in suspense about what is going to pop out from the shadows. He is also shown to be afraid when he enters the room closed the door behind me at once. This tells the reader he is afraid. When he is in the room he opens all the curtains and lights candle and the fireplace in the room I lit it. This shows that he is afraid of the dark. He starts to get very scared when he notices that all the candles seem to be going out on their own accord Whats up? I cried, with a queer high note getting into my voice somehow. This tells the reader that he is indeed petrified of the candles being snuffed out. He then in his confusion trying to light the candles hits his head and then loses consciousness. When he wakes up he is then regretful of his arrogance and this suggest Nemesis. Nemesis is an act of effect or retribution. He has been hit on the head because of his doubts in believing that the red room was not haunted. He then believes that the room is haunted as he says Yes said I the room is haunted. The characters in The Monkeys Paw are The White Family, Sergeant Major Morris and the business man from Herberts Workplace. The White Family lives in an isolated area and do not like it Paths a bog and roads a torrent. They are at first acknowledged as people who dont like getting into trouble and are friendly family father and son were at chess. When the sergeant major arrives they are eager to listen to his stories outside of the country. This makes the reader to think that they havent been out that much anywhere then where they are living. When they hear of the monkeys paw being able to grant wishes they immediately start laughing and this shows they are arrogant suggesting Hubris laughter jarred. They are also arrogant when they jest about what they want to wish for example Dont you think you might wish for four pairs of hands for me? This shows that they disbelieve in the magic. This causes the reader to believe that they are haughty. Then when Mr. White wishes for his wish he t hen sees faces in the fire and he begins to feel a little bit afraid e.g. with a little uneasy laugh. Also when it says with a little shiver. This adds to the tension of the story because it makes the reader wonder whether the wish was granted and fills the reader with suspense. When the business man shows up Mr. and Mrs. White are scared about what has happened to Herbert. When they are told that he was caught in the machinery and when they are then told that the money that they found for his death is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 they are instantly shocked put out his hands like a sightless man and dropped a senseless heap to the floor. This tells the reader that the family that remains now believes that it was the monkeys paws doing. This also suggest Nemesis because they disbelieved in the monkeys paw they have paid for it. When one week pass the old man wakes up to find his wife crying by the window and then she suddenly exclaims that they should use the monkeys paw to bring back Herbert well have one more. This makes the reader believe that the woman now definitely believes in the magic of the monkeys paw. She is blinded by the love of her son that she does not realize the consequences of making the wish Do you think I fear the child I have nursed. When she says this the reader wonders what the dead body of Herbert will appear like. Mr. White realizes that when his son will appear it will not be the same person he knew as his son For Gods sake dont let it in. This makes the reader think that he believes in the stories of magic. When his wife rushes out to open the door the reader is eager to know what the thing that is coming into the house looks like. However Mr. White grabs the paw and makes his last wish before she opens the door making the reader feel that he believes in the magic of the monkeys p aw. Sergeant Major Morris is described as tall, burly man beady of eye and rubicund of visage. This tells the reader that he is intimidating. When he enters the house he tells them the story of the monkeys paw but he also fears for the familys safety when Mr. White wants the paw example But I warn you of the consequences. This tells the reader that he is warning them before hand of the paws abilities. When he mentions that he had the three wishes he says it with fear and suspense I have he said quietly and his blotchy face whitened. This makes the reader feel that the paw has created something bad in this mans life. This creates tension in the story by making the reader wonder why the mans face whitened when he mentioned that he had three wishes. When he says that before he came across the paw another man had three wishes and his last one was death the third was for death. Also when he says this, the family are silent his tones were so grave that a hush fell upon the group. This tells th e reader that the sergeant has much to hide about the paw. When Mr. White asks if the sergeant would have another three wishes the sergeant replies I dont know and he repeats this twice. This causes the reader to think that this man has had a lot of pain from the monkeys paw in his life. When he throws the monkeys paw into the fire he warns the family explicitly that if they keep it, it is not the sergeants fault if something bad befalls them If you keep it dont blame me for what happens and but I warn you of the consequences. This tells the reader that the sergeant, when he had wished, faced consequences for his wishes and that he warned the family about that they should be careful what they wish for. The man in The Red Room is similar to the family in The Monkeys Paw because they are both arrogant in believing in the haunting or curse that they are faced with and in they faced many consequences and retribution. The sergeant major and the three old people are similar because they are characters who warn the others of the consequences of their actions. The Plot is the story in a play, novel or film. The plot affects the novel, film and play because it is the structure of it. The plot builds up the story and keeps it together to make it more interesting and for the reader to understand what it is about. The plot relies on a deadline by making the reader feel more nervous as the story progresses for example when the man in the Red Room is walking through the passage to the Red Room making the reader fell suspense when he is walking to the room and the time of going to the room is very slow as lots of things happen very slowly when he approaches the room.

Alcon technology infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alcon technology infrastructure - Essay Example The IT setup within the Alcan foundation was not integrated. Every department had an IT setup and rules of its own. It was therefore highly impossible for the higher management to approximate clearly the total amount that was being spent annually at the overall IT infrastructure. For certain departments IT costs were being recorded in the operating expenses for that department instead of being signified under their own respective head. This eventually resulted in the misinterpretation of the actual figures on the macro level. As a result when the top management did not get an idea of the actual expenses they did not a lot the actually required funds to the respective departments. Monitoring of IT activities was impossible owing to the fact that since they were being categorized under multiple heads at the human resource level, it was impossible to single them out and monitor them. The haphazardness of resources and the inconsistent allocation of resources had enabled rise in the need of outsourcing since none of the processes were properly synchronized within departments of the organization. A single organizational environment contained consultation with over 1000 distinct information systems. The implementation of even the simplest of information systems became very costly this way because of absence of integration among organizational departments. A committee was formed which was responsible for handling the communication requirements of individuals. The directors of each department got a chance to propose their thoughts to the committee which was then supposed to pass it forward to the executive leadership. While the changes seemed quick and promising this view was mainly being captured from the upper management level. There was a high possibility that the changes that the human resource and the lower management were being made to go through were not very welcome by them. There was a high possibility that the existing low level

Prostitution in the United States Research Paper

Prostitution in the United States - Research Paper Example By identifying the most important factors surrounding the problem of prostitution, further research can be done to address each issue in more detail. This study will use the definition of prostitution provided by Murphy: â€Å"the exchange of sexual services for economic compensation† (775). To better understand the historical context and contemporary situation of prostitution in the U.S., a general review of the literature was conducted. Who becomes a prostitute? Anyone could become a prostitute, and yet the women that do tend to have some common traits. Their childhoods are often as problematic as their adulthoods, and women who choose prostitution have often suffered from specific and predictable childhood experiences. Valera et al. report that almost half of a sample of prostitutes reported experiencing unwanted sexual contact on the part of an adult during their childhood. In the same sample, 39% of women also reported having been abused by a guardian to the point of inju ry (Valera et al.). Edwards, Halpern, and Wechsberg describe both a history of child abuse and the presence of psychological distress as predictors of prostitution. In another study by Farley and Barkan, 57% of prostitutes reported suffering sexual assault during childhood and 49% reported having been physically assaulted. Clearly, the childhood experiences of these women have a staggering impact on them that is long-lasting. Unfortunately, childhood abuse is not the only abuse prostitutes experience, even if it is the first. Many prostitutes have suffered abuse and exploitation from men their entire lives, first through family members and later from pimps and clients (Carter and Dalla). These and the previously described factors seem to point toward a connection between childhood abuse and adult prostitution, so that some intervening response process to the earlier abuse puts these women at a greater risk for prostitution. There are several identifiable socioeconomic factors at wor k in the histories of women who become prostitutes (Burnette et al.). Women who become prostitutes have lower rates of education and higher rates of homelessness when compared to non-prostitutes (Burnette, Schneider, Ilgen, and Timko). Of course, without economic necessity or a drug habit, these women would not be motivated to engage in prostitution (Murphy). Given other resources for economic support, these women would not need to turn to prostitution. Socioeconomic conditions that may contribute to a woman’s continuing engagement in prostitution include a poor economy with a job shortage. Women interested in leaving prostitution and pursuing mainstream employment may be hindered by the contemporary economic climate and its shortage of new jobs. There are other attributes that can predict whether or not a woman is likely to become a prostitute. For example, women who are addicted to drugs are much more likely to become prostitutes than women without substance abuse problems (Burnette et al.). As they sink deeper into drug abuse, their ability to gain or maintain traditional employment is hindered. Through prostitution, they can continue the cycle of their addiction and make money to continue buying more drugs. They may even meet a drug dealer who is also a pimp, and get involved with prostitution through his design. Drug addicts are more

The culture in Barcelona

The culture in Barcelona The culture of Spain today is highly linked to the modern bullfight since it has been influenced by those who conquered and fought for control of Liberian pensile, also those artists who flourished during the golden age greatly, contributed to the development of the Spanish culture. The culture of Spain depends much on its historical past. In these modern days, Spanish culture portrays a picture of frames and hierarchies. In Spain, culture and education are mainly viewed as the main weapons which helps in fighting against fascism and also culture gives room for republican government and revolutionary parties where they can add both elites and unknown whites into their enterprise (Thatcher, 1999, Pg 16). Due to its advanced cultural statures Barcelona attracted so many people into the city which mainly contributed to good economic growth within the city. Some of their cultural practices such as games, sports and other sought of entertainments within the city made it to appear unique f rom the rest of the cities in Spain and thus why it was ranked the second city in Spain. Since time in memorial till to date, Barcelona has been ranked as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Due to its overwhelming beauty, Barcelona has attracted so many tourists in the city which has consequently raised the standards of the city and has improved it marketability through out the world. Its basic over view has various attractive things which includes even its city centre since it has maintained its medieval street plan and other stunning modernist architectures and various beautiful building the city and has also many museums such as those which were dedicated to various important persons like Picasso, Miro and Barca. It’s also known of its famous Barcelona Olympics game. This enabled the Barcelona Olympics to be held in the city of Barcelona which made so many people to come to the city and appreciate its potentiality and other good aspects that the city processed. The cultural aspects of Barcelona city were appreciated by many during that time which pr omoted their culture a great deal. Barcelona city is one of the cities which attracts tourists and leave them with unforgettable experiences since it’s so lively. Its rights are equally active as days which enable citizens and visitors to have a 24 hours operating time. The tourists were mainly attracted due to the physical features within the city such as sand beach which the tourists could go and relax. The city also and many industries and carvings which made them to appreciate the city since they could purchase many valuables within the city and those carvings which portrayed the culture of the city and its people (Wright pg 20). The climatic condition of Barcelona is quite good all the year round which make people to enjoy visiting the city at any time of the year. The city has also sandy beach which enable visitors and citizens to have good places for relaxing while on holidays or over the weekends. Its geographically situated in a good geographical background which enables good accessibility of the Spanish city from the rest of the cities in the Europe. Barcelona is the capital and most popular city of Catalonia and it’s the second largest city in Spain. Barcelona city is the one that houses the seat of Catalonia government and various leaders dwell within this city. Since it’s the capital of Catalonia many activities take place within the city which keeps it lively through out the day and night. Business within the city are carried out thru out since its experienced good security because most of the administrative bodies were housed within the city. The city of Barcelona as a capital of Catalonia had a great role, to play and they needed agreement between the government and the council in order to maintain these roles. Barcelona with the help of Catalonia government established infrastructures in the city which enables good social cohesion of the capital city of Catalonia. There good and improved infrastructure facilitated good social interaction and attracted many tourists which consequently lead to a rapid growth of the Catalonia. The city council of Barcelona worked hand in hand with Catalonia government to improve social services and education. http://waytoownstate.blogspot.com/2008/02/558-pro-independence-in-catalonia.html as retrieved on 1 Mar 2008 08:29:16 GMT Barcelona had a good industrial elite and therefore they wanted Catalonia to stay as part of Spain since its industrial market basically relied very much on consumption from the other Spanish regions. Therefore due to its good industrial market it has enabled it to serve as national market Catalonia was established by the state of autonomy in 1979. It’s an autonomous community which mainly covers most of the North eastern Spanish provinces such as Barcelona, Lenda Gerona and Tarragona. Barcelona being the capital city of Catalonia was formerly the principality of the crown of Aragon which played a very important role in the history of Iberian Peninsula. It was also a centre of Separatist Movement which many of he times dominated Spanish affairs. The city of Barcelona boosted Catalonia economy since most of the industries are situated within the city such as metal working, textile industry, food processing industries, chemical industries. Some of the main industries which were concentrated in Barcelona were textile, paper making and graphics, chemicals and metal working. Due to the growing demand of petroleum in Catalonia they expanded one of the oil refineries in Barcelona. Therefore, the city of Barcelona enabled the economy of Catalonia to grow which consequently enabled it to strengthen its political status. The court Ramon Bevenguer IV of Barcelona was betrothed by the queen of Aragon Petronila, Catalonia and Aragon became united under the same rulers. After their union, Catalonia dominated trade in all the aspects and their interest dominated the union of Aragon this was achieved when the male line of court of Barcelona became extinct. Catalonia gained autonomy and enjoyed its autonomy and cultural freedom. This was backed by the losing cause, Barcelona by that time was a republican which held strongly the antifascist sentiments and Catalan nationalism the time of Spanish civil war. During this time the Catalan lost their language and identity. Catalonia war autonomy which was granted to it by the Spanish Cortes. Its efforts to revolutionize complete independence jailed but the restoration of autonomy was enabled in 1936. Catalonia’s loyalist supported the republic but unfortunately he suffered a lot of opposition from Franco. Barcelona by then was the loyalist capital and by 1939, Catalonia fell in the lands of Franco dictatorship, they were banned from using Catalans in public life. By 1980 Catalonia had elected the first parliament as an autonomous region. Increased autonomy for Catalonia was approved in the year 2006 together with its recognition as a nation within Spain (Snyder pg 51). Barcelona being the capital city of Catalonia had contributed a lot to the growth of Catalonia as an autonomous independent country of Spain. It made various contributions in political, economic, social, and cultural aspects towards the build up of Catalonia. Barcelona was the central post for most of the activities taking place in Barcelona since it was the capital city and the centre of all the operations. Economically Barcelona uplifted the standards of living within Catalonia since most of the businesses were carried out in this big city. The city operated for 24 hours daily which enabled many activities to proceed on well. Many businesses were set up within the city which facilitated trade. The population of people living in these areas had grown adversely which also boosted trade within the city. The city had unique and admirable scenes such as the carvings, sand beach and many other interesting places which attracted so many tourists in the region and this in return boosted the economy of Catalonia. There tourist could trade within the city which due to its diverse goods and other cultural aspects which attracted them such as carvings. The city also hosted major industries which had great contribution to the economic status of Catalonia since it had good economic status which was mainly contributed by Barcelona city as a result of its good economic growth. Therefore, due to their good economic growth they enabled the Catalonia to grain its independence and to support itself fully. Barcelona also hosted various cultural practices and ceremonies since it was the capital city of Catalonia. This attracted so many people to the region and consequently boosted its good relationship with other regions and this enabled them to come together and fight for their independence. Culturally they also intermarried with other regions which brought the different regions together and enabled them to fight for the independence of their region which made them to be declared a state within the Spanish government ( http://www.indymedia.ie/article/83637 as retrieved on 1 Mar 2008 15:21:38 GMT). Barcelona basically acted like beehive of activities where most of the activities are organized. These activities brought various people together including leaders to discuss various issues which regards to fighting for Barcelona’s independence so that it can stand on its own. Many activities such as veteran meetings, demonstrations to fight for their independence, social gatherings were carried out in this capital city of Barcelona. These activities made people from different tribes who made up the Catalan government to come together so that they could organize themselves to fight for their autonomous independence. Barcelona city acted as seat of Catalan government and this enabled most of the governmental activities to be carried out within the Barcelona city since it was situated in a good geographical region. Many government leaders could come to the city to attend meetings and conferences which enabled good ruling of the government. Catalonia fights very hard to attain their independence from the federal government of Madrid. The hosting of Olympic Games in Barcelona paved way for many Catalans to fight for their independence. Few of the Barcelonans working class were able to attend the Olympics since a non working class could not have access to Olympic due to the high prices for buying tickets and other seats were reserved for multinational sponsors (Simonis, pg 29). In this Catalans viewed the Olympic Games as a perfect opportunity that they could use to plead for their independence from the federal government of Madrid. Many Catalans but not all had gathered where Olympic Games were carried out at Badalona some few meters from Barcelona town so that they could argue and protest for their independence from Spain during the meeting of multinational corporate Olympics. Catalan language was also used in Olympic due to strong political presence of Catalonian independence movement. Therefore, the city of Barcelona contributed greatly to the independence of Catalan since it hosted the Olympic Games which facilitated the struggle and fight for independence by the Catalans. Barcelona had various places where Catalans can gather so that they can discuss their political strength. For example, coffee shops acted as stopover places where by local residents can gather to talk about the politics of Catalan and to socialize with each other. These gatherings sphere headed the struggle for independence for the Catalonia independence. These coffee shops also acted as prime sites for working class political discourse and serves as an awareness area for the local residents. In the city of Barcelona, there was a school which was located near the sand beach politically students from these schools were used to transport the production staff around the city. Some of the opposition of the Catalonia were in the boxing screw by the time the venue was assigned to three students to transport the staffs around the city. Some of these opposes were sympathetic to Catalonia independence movement and had their relatives who fought against the Franco force. Therefore location of this school within the city of Barcelona enabled them to sue students in their fighting for their noble independence rights. The economic status of Barcelona also enabled the Catalonia to fight for their independence since the money that they gained could be used to fund the veterans who were used to fight for the independence of the Catalonia government. Due to the good economy of Barcelona they could fund and strengthen their own government either than relying on the federal government of the Spain. Olympic Games can stimulate symbols of national unity and ceremonials like the ones which applied to Barcelonan Olympics since they were facilitate by the language and symbolism of Catalonian nationalism (Hargreaves, 2000, Pg 17) Catalonia basically is not a sovereign body because its only a constitute of the Spanish nation since the Spanish state was created taking into consideration the national sovereignty of Spanish people to start with. Catalonian have developed quite a strong tool which helps them to defend their national character language and culture and at the same time it aims at improving the living standards of its citizens. Its aim is to establish good relationship with the national sphere which would encourage corporation within the Catalonia so that they can be able to come together as a nation to fight for their independence. Through corporation and good governance of the Catalonia people they can be able to come up with along lasting solution on how they can strive to be an independent. This corporation is the main one which facilitated them to gain their independence. The status of autonomy mainly referred to Catalonian territory, history, language symbols and projects which are meant to be shared in future. It also refers to direct Catalan consciousness which is meant to form a differentiated community. According to statute, all Spanish citizens who according to the general law of the state are legal residents in he municipality of the Catalonia are the ones who should be regarded to as Catalan. (Montserrat, 2004, Pg 79). Catalonia Independence from Spain and France is greatly supported by the Catalan independentism which is a political movement. The main pro-independence party of the Catalan was Catalunya which was established after the Spanish Civil War. Therefore, Barcelona as the capital city of Catalonia and a very popular city in Spain has greatly triggers the attainment and growth of Catalonia independence. Since its the city whereby major activities took place which helped in triggering the achievement of an independence state. Since Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain, it had quite an influential role to Catalan nation which were the main occupants of the city. Barcelona also being the major economic centre, it could be able to fund Catalunya party which was the pro-independence party of the Catalan which was meant to trigger the independent of the Catalonia. Barcelona is the main city in Catalonia government which houses the seats of Catalan government. In this the executive branches of the government, the parliament and the Supreme Court of the Catalonia. Due to these facts there leaders who are housed within the city come up with strategies which could enable them to attain independence. Barcelona city also acts as the capital of the country of the Barcelonese. Due to the many roles that the city of Barcelona played, it proved that indeed it had great contribution towards the attainment of the Catalonian independence. Therefore, the city of Barcelona due to its good cultural, climatic, political and social background enabled the people of Catalonia to come up together for them to fight for the Catalonia independence. Work Cited David Thatcher, 1999, Cambridge Companion to Modern Spanish Culture, Cambridge University: United State. John Hargreaves, 2000, Freedom for Catalan? Catalan Nationalism, Spanish Identity, Cambridge University Press: United State. Maria Montserrat, 2004, Catalan Nationalism, Francoism, Transition and Democracy, Routledge: New York, Pg 35-37 http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:pG6mBb4BShoJ:www.indymedia.ie/article/83637+catalan+independencehl=enct=clnkcd=7gl=ke Sue Wright, 1999, Language Democracy and Devolution in Catalan, Multilingual Matters: Canada, pg 20-23 Louis Snyder, 1990, Encyclopaedia of Nationalism, Paragon House, pg 51-55 Damien Simonis, 2006, Barcelona, Lonely Planet pg 29-33. http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:V_oldiCoC8UJ:waytoownstate.blogspot.com/2008/02/558-pro-independence-in-catalonia.html+catalan+independencehl=enct=clnkcd=16gl=ke

A Conceptual Study on HR in Special Reference Essay

ABSTRACT In the present globalized era the environmental changes took place very frequently. So if an organization wants to compete in the cut throat competition they have to cope up with these changes. In the past several decades, technology has had a dramatic impact on human resource management (HRM) processes and practices. For example, technology, especially the World Wide Web, has helped modify many HR processes including human resource planning, recruitment, selection, performance management, work flow, and compensation. These new systems have enabled HR professionals to provide better service to all of their stakeholders (e.g. Customers, Shareholders, Suppliers, Government, Employees etc) and reduced the administrative burden in the field. Despite the widespread use of these systems, there has been a surprising dearth of theory and research on the topic. As a result, the purpose of this special issue is to (a) Human Resource Information System, (b) advance theory and research on human resource management systems (HRMS) and electronic human resource management (eHRM), and (c) Enhance the effectiveness of these systems in organizations. As a result, this article reviews the evolution of HRIS and provides a brief overview of the existing literature, and introduces the article in the special issue. â€Å"HRIS is a management system designed specifically to provide managers with information to make HR decisions.† In the present vast knowledge economy information is power. For efficient management of human assets, HR professional requires accurate and timely data on Recruitment & Selection, Training and Development, Human Resource Planning etc so the aim of paper is to present a conceptual knowledge of HRIS and to explore the impact of information system on HR performance. Key words:- HRM, HRIS, eHRM, HRMS, Stakeholders 1. INTRODUCTION Since the emergence of the internet throughout the world around 1995, many business functions have been transformed. After dealing with accounting, finance and marketing, many companies are shifted their attentions to find a better way of monitoring their Human Resource Management (HRM). Many companies are transforming their HRM functions from manual workflow to computerized workflow. Computers have made the tasks of analyzing the tremendous amount of human resource data into a simple task. Computer hardware, software and data base help organizations maintain and retrieve human resource better and simpler. According to Gara (2001) and Walker (1982), a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) will help organizations â€Å"keep an accurate, complete, updated data base that can be retrieve when needed from reports and manuals.† Then Tannenbaum (1990) defines an HRIS as a system that will acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve and distribute information about an organization’s human resources. Kavanagh et al. (1990) defined HRIS as â€Å"a system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve and distribute information about an organization’s human resources. An HRIS is not simply computer hardware and associated HR-related software. Although an HRIS includes hardware and software, it also includes people, forms, policies and procedures and data†. HRIS is a key management tool which collects, maintain, analyses and reports information on people and jobs. It is a system because it integrates all the relevant data, which otherwise might have been lying in a fragmented and scattered way at various points ion the larger system; converts this data in to meaningful conclusions or information and makes it accessible to the persons, who need it for their decisions. It is a concept which utilizes the development of Information Technology for effective management of the HR functions and applications. HRIS helps organizations in managing all HR information. It helps in recoding and analyzing employees and organizational information and documents, such as employee handbook, emergency evacuation and safety procedures. The nature of HRIS varies among organizations in relation to their size. In small organizations, it tends to be informal whereas in large organizations, it is more formal and coordinated. Lengnick-Hall and Moritz prompt HRIS to be implemented at three different levels: †¢ The publishing of information †¢ The automation of transactions †¢ Transformation of HR into a strategic partner with the line business 2. HRIS – Why it is needed? †¢ Storing information and data for each individual employee. †¢ Providing a basis for planning, decision making, controlling and other human resource functions. †¢ Meeting daily transactional requirements such as marking absent and present and granting leave. †¢ Supplying data and submitting returns to government and other statutory agencies. †¢ Building organizational capabilities. †¢ Job design and organizational structure. †¢ Increasing size of workforce. †¢ Technological advances †¢ Computerized information system †¢ Changes in legal environment 3. COMPONENTS OF HRIS There are three major functional components of HRIS : †¢ Input function – It enters personnel information into the HRIS. Data entry in the past had been one way, but today, scanning technology permits scanning and storage of actual image of an original document, including signatures and handwritten notes. †¢ Maintenance function – It updates and adds new data to the database after data have been entered into the HRIS. †¢ Output function – It is the most visible function of HRIS. In order to generate valuable output for computer users, HRIS processes output, makes necessary calculations and formats the presentation. It should be noted that most important elements of HRIS are not the computers, rather, the information. So, the components of HRIS should support validity, reliability and utility of information. 4. HRIS APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIES Personnel administration – It will encompass information about each employee, such as name address, personal details etc. Salary administration – Salary review procedure are important function of HRM, a good HRIS system must be able to perform what if analysis and present the reports Of changes. Leave and absence recording — Essentially be able to provide comprehensive method of controlling leave/absences. Skill inventory – It is also used to store record of acquired skills and monitor the skill database both employee and organizational level. Performance appraisal — The system should record individual employee performance, appraisal data, such as due date of appraisal, scores etc. Human resource planning — HRIS should record details of the organizational requirements in terms of positions Recruitment — Record details of recruitment activities such as cost and method of recruitment and time to fill the position etc. Career planning – System must be able to provide with succession plans reports to identify which employee have been earmarked for which position. Collective bargaining — A computer terminal can be positioned in the conference room linked to database. This will expedite negotiations by readily providing up to date data based on facts and figures and not feelings and fictions. THE HRIS MODEL [pic] 5. CONTRIBUTE VALUES TO HR THROUGH HRIS: HRIS serves two major purposes in organizations: HR ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL ROLE: The first purpose of an HRIS is to improve the efficiency with which data on employees and HR activities is compiled. Many HR activities can be performed more efficiently and with less paperwork if automated. HR STRATEGIC ROLE: The second purpose of an HRIS is more strategic and related to HR planning. Having accessible data enables HR planning and managerial decision making to be based to a greater degree on information rather than relying on managerial perception and intuition. 6. HRIS IMPLEMENTATION: Implementing anything is part of project Management. Implementing HRIS in organization is a big activity which require support of many stakeholders such functional, HRIT S, IT Vendor and project manager. Implementation can be divided into given below parts. †¢ Need Analysis. †¢ Vendor Selection. †¢ Process Mapping and complete data gathering. †¢ Creation/Deployment of HRIS application in Test server. †¢ Testing by sample users. †¢ Pre-deployment training to users. †¢ Deployment of HRIS in production. †¢ Post Training and Support. †¢ Feedback. 7. BENEFITS OF HRIS When the administrative tasks and processes of any human resources department become overwhelmed, the most appropriate solution would be to implement the human resources information system. Common administrative functions that involve filling reports and completing paperwork take up a lot of time of the human resource department and this is where the HRIS comes in. Many businesses nowadays are now realizing the importance of HRIS and using the software to increase the efficiency of the whole company. The following are some of the major benefits of HRIS. a. Improves productivity The HRIS systems assist in enhancing both the productivity and workflow of the human resource department. This is because, all the data is usually collected and placed in a central database. This is very beneficial since data is going to be very easily retrieved from the database. b. Saves time Through reducing the total amount of time spent on the administrative functions, human resource employees are able to focus on other essential duties. For example, they can carry out other productive functions like creating presentations, training staff members, succession planning and recruiting since they have enough time due to the HRIS system. c. Improves communication with the employees HRIS creates a database that each employee has access to and thus you will be able to communicate better with your employees through the network. It also has email scheduling capabilities that make it very efficient in terms of assigning jobs to various employees in a very short period of time. d. Creates self-service options Due to the fact that all the relevant information concerning the company or business is placed in large database, the employees can be able to access useful information without having to spend a lot of time going from one office to the next. At the same time, it is very easy to update the information in the database for proper administration. The only disadvantage is that important data concerning your company might be stolen particularly nowadays where there is a great increase in cyber crime. 8. THE CHALLENGES OF INDUCING HRIS SOFTWARE INCLUDES: Selecting right HRIS vendor: The selection of software vendor is the most critical of all the decisions. A successful ERP vendor is not always the best provider of an HR solution. A vendor with experience of developing most of the solutions related to human resource, whether in the personnel or talent management domains or other processes associated with HR offers a better choice, and if such a vendor has the strength of utilizing latest technology & a vision to perceive the future needs of HR fraternity, he may rate the highest on the scale. Mere branding of the products does not necessarily mean quality, though it does carry a higher price tag. Moreover, a vendor providing complex solutions, for which special skills may be needed for initial data entry, maintenance & creation of management reports, need not be rated high. If HRIS software can not configure the existing workflows in an organization and wants the user to adapt to the Vendor HR processes, it is likely to be heavy both on training time & costs and may also gather resistance to its usage at the grass root level. A dedicated and customer oriented vendor will move a mile extra to map all client processes on his solution and indicate well in advance the extent of customization required. He may even introduce a set of best practices provided by his solution but leave their adoption to the client. A good HRIS vendor is conscious of the cost but always sells quality. Onus of responsibility – There is a misconception that introduction of HRIS can relieve HR Manager of all responsibilities. To large extent, HRIS can free up HR Manager from transactional tasks. However, it also brings with it a new set of responsibilities to ensure that the software is being used and implemented correctly. The onus of co-operating with the software vendor and ensuring successful deployment lies with the client HR manager. Over expectations – Due to overstress on the benefits of HRIS software, partially by the media and partially by the marketing departments of software vendors, organizations have developed larger-than-life expectations from the software solutions. When the solutions are unable to deliver these over-expectations, the clients tend to lose confidence in the vendors. The only way out is either pre-sales discussions or a clear statement of user expectations in the form of a Request for Proposal (RFP) document, to which the vendor responds as per the strengths of his solution, including the additional effort required for customization, if the same is technically feasible. Resistance to change – Employees at the client location are attitudinally inclined to use only the existing system. They enjoy the loopholes in the processes, moreso the inability of a manual system to track progress. Therefore, they offer great resistance to change, especially if the change calls for the acquisition of new skills by the employee. Their resistance to change leads to lack of enthusiasm and co-operation in successfully implementing software systems. The onus of responsibility for change management lies entirely with the client, but some vendors do offer HR consultancy as a supplement to their solutions. Training Requirements – HRIS software may have a completely new interface, large number of functions and specially configured workflows. It may demand users to exhibit some level of expertise in understanding the technology solution. When faced with the new software, user experiences anxiety and may display discomfort in using the system. Such discomfort can result in remaining ignorant of various features, thereby denying to yourself the benefit of full exploitation of the software. A good software vendor can resolve this issue by providing on the system training to key personnel and prepare them as torch bearers. He would also provide sufficient on-line help features to all the users. Configuration and Data transformation – Configuring software to an organization’s need and transferring data from existing database to new HRIS is another issue that needs to be handled carefully. The existing data may be either on paper or excel files or in some other form of database. Due to ignorance by employees at client location, the data may not enter the new system in the desired manner, thus obstructing the smooth and efficient functioning of the system, besides creating an inventory of bugs. Best solution to this malady is for the Vendor to obtain data from the client as per a standard template, validate it with a program and consider initial data entry as a service provided to the customer. Software Errors and Bugs – Bugs, error and opportunities for improvement are integral part of software. Expecting HR Software to be picture-perfect and without any errors/ omissions is unfair. These bugs need not scare people since these can be resolved through mutual co-operation between the vendor and client. Once settled, they do not reappear.However, if new bugs surface with higher levels of exploitation of the software, these should be taken as encouraging signals both by the client and the vendor. Work Flow Changes – When you install HRIS software, you also install some innovative globally accepted HR practices and workflows. If you have these practices for the first time, some of the members in your organization may not feel comfortable with the changes, especially the change of work flow. Such changes should be handled very carefully as they can have significant emotional impact on the team members. HR should be ready to award benefit of doubt to the members who suffer a negative impact due to these changes and allow ample time for the new workflows to set in. You need preference and commitment to introduce systems. Remember this if you are keen to implement HR software solutions. 9. CONCLUSION: HRIS has a very wide scope in developing countries. It is applied in personnel administration, salary administration, leave/absence recording, skill inventory, medical history, performance appraisal, training and development, HR Planning, recruitment, career planning, negotiation etc. It is very important for an organization to clearly identify its system requirements before implementing HRIS. This would enable to decide the appropriate level of sophistication of HRIS and would lead to optimal utilization of scarce resource. HRIS database should be used as a single source of all information. This would lead to the development of an integrated HRIS platform for the whole organization. In today’s corporate world human resources has come to play a very critical role. Whether it concerns the hiring and firing of employees or whether it concerns employee motivation, the Human Resources department of any organization now enjoys a very central role in not only formulating company policies. A complete HRIS links all human resources data from the time professionals enter pre- service training to when they leave the workforce. Continuous monitoring and evaluation is vital in determining what an HRIS is accomplishing, what needs to be improved and whether results are being achieved. In future, Human Resource Professionals will be more dependent on higher level and integrated HRIS approaches in order to support more complex as well as free forms of organizations. 10. REFERENCES: 1. Prof. Bhavsar C. Anil, â€Å" A conceptual paper on HRIS † vol.1,Issue.v/Nov.2011pp.1-4. 2. Gara,S.J.(2001). â€Å"How an HRIS can impact HR: a complete paradigm shift for the 21st century. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) White Paper, Retrieved November 11, 2002, from http://www.shrm.org/whitepeper/documents/default.asp?page=63001.asp 3. Kovach, K.A., & Cathcart, C.E. (1999). â€Å"Human resource information systems: providing business with rapid data access, information exchange and strategic advantage.† Public Personnel Management, 28 (2), 275-282. 4. Tannenbaum, S. I. (1990). HRIS: user group implications. Journal of Systems Management, 41 (1), 27-32. 5. Walker, A. J. (1982). HRIS Development: A Project Team Guide to Building and Effective Personal Information System. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 6. Lengnick-Hall, Mark L. and Moritz Steve (2003), â€Å"The Impact of e-HR on the Human Resource Management Function†, Journal of Labor Research. 24(3), pp. 365-379. BOOKS 1. Hilkka Poutanen, DEVELOPING THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF GOOD LEADERSHIP, Acta Univ. Oul. A 553, 2010, ISBN 978-951-42-6171-8 (Paperback). 2. Mohan Thite & Michael J. Kavanagh, Evolution of Human Resource Management and Human Resource Information Systems† The Role of Information Technology†, TMH. 3. Michael D. Bedell, Michael Canniff & Cheryl Wyrick, Systems Considerations in the Design of an HRIS â€Å"Planning for Implementation†, TMH

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Essay

Jane Eyre’s excursion throughout Charlotte Bronte’s novel encompasses of a sequence of exploits in which Jane is challenged with variations of entrapment followed by escape which serves as an act of overcoming. In the course of the novel, Jane finds herself imprisoned in Victorian England’s strict and complicated social hierarchy, one of Bronte’s most important themes, and her struggle against prejudice prevails throughout. Jane’s quest to be loved, too, embodies deviations of entrapment and escape as Jane searches continually in order to gain love without surrendering herself in the process. In addition, Jane’s brushes with different models of religion lead her to form her own morals and philosophies, unlike those of society. The first variation of entrapment and escape is signified by Jane’s experience in the red room of the Gateshead mansion, as this is where Jane’s position of exile and incarceration initially become clear. The red room symbolizes the entrapment of social class and unpleasant life experience due to her ambiguous social standing, which Jane struggles to escape throughout the novel. â€Å"I could not answer the ceaseless inward question—why I thus suffered; now, at the distance of—I will not say how many years, I see it clearly† (17). Jane is stripped of the innocence and childhood while in the red room, and is forced to meet the bitter emotions due to her unpleasant experience, realizing that she is financially strapped and excluded from society. Although Jane is eventually freed from the red room, she still suffers societal degradation from the Reed family, until she departs for Lowood, avoiding the maltreatment of her adopted family but unconsciously allowing the abuse of other authority while doing so. It seems as though Jane can never truthfully escape the affliction placed upon her by civilization, and she refers to her memory of the first feeling of ridicule as a connection to her current situation. Jane faces Bronte’s second version of entrapment during her years spent at Lowood. She is faced with two extremes of religion: Mr. Brocklehurst, the religious hypocrite, and Helen Burns, the passive and faithful Christian. Mr. Brocklehurst’s proscriptions are difficult to make sense of as he selfishly lavishes his own family at the expense of his students. Helen Burns, however, is meek and forgiving in her religious ways, although loved and admired by Jane, proves to be too submissive for Jane to adopt when Jane claims, â€Å"If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse† (60). Jane struggles to understand both versions of Christianity, but eventually rejects both and forms her own principles. Her spirit is not discriminative like Brocklehurst’s, nor passive like Helen’s. As Jane puts it, â€Å"it is natural as that I should love those who show me affection, or submit to punishment when I feel it is deserved† (60). Because of her fear of losing her independence due to love, Jane in a way deceives herself. Jane believes that marrying Rochester would mean that she reduce herself to a mere mistress of Rochester’s, giving up her dignity for emotional satisfaction, an unacceptable act in her eye. As Rochester makes an effort to show his love for her by embellishing her in feminine finery, Jane grows more and more fearful of whether Rochester will view her as equal or inferior (261). Although she believes she is an intellectual equal to Rochester, Jane is aware of the disparities of their financial and social standings. The marriage to Rochester symbolizes entrapment, and it is assumed thus far in the novel, that their marriage will not last long; Jane will discover a way to escape inferiority and refusal to adhere to passion rather than reason.

Race And Jury The Decision Making Of Juries And Race

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